James Kirchner

James W. Kirchner was professor of Earth and Planetary Science at University of California, Berkeley. His article "The Gaia Hypothesis: Fact, Theory, and Wishful Thinking" criticizes the idea that the Earth conforms to our needs. In a more recent paper, "The Gaia Hypothesis: conjectures and refutations," Kirchener continues his objections to the Gaia Hypothesis but appreciates that "Gaia has been fruitful as a metaphor and a hypothesis generator."