James Lovelock

James Lovelock, CH, CBE, FRS (born 26 July 1919) is an independent scientist, environmentalist and futurist who lives in Dorset, England. James Lovelock originally formulated the Gaia Hypothesis in 1972.

A controversial figure, Lovelock takes pride in his independence from the scientific establishment, criticizing the excessively narrow focus of scientists in specific disciplines, and asserting that participation in processes like peer review and research grants stifles the creativity needed to explore novel ideas like Gaia.

Michael Ruse provides a contrarian history of Lovelock's life in Aeon.